Skip to main content

Positive modulation of a Cys-loop acetylcholine receptor by an auxiliary transmembrane subunit

Thomas Boulin1–3, Georgia Rapti1–3,5, Luis Briseño-Roa1–3,5, Christian Stigloher1–3,5, Janet E Richmond4, Pierre Paoletti1–3 & Jean-Louis Bessereau1–3

Auxiliary subunits regulate the trafficking, localization or gating kinetics of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels by associating tightly and specifically with pore-forming subunits. However, no auxiliary subunits have been identified for members of the Cys-loop receptor superfamily. Here we identify MOLO-1, a positive regulator of levamisole-sensitive acetylcholine receptors (L-AChRs) at the Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction. MOLO-1 is a one-pass transmembrane protein that contains a single extracellular globular domain-the TPM domain, found in bacteria, plants and invertebrates, including nonvertebrate chordates. Loss of MOLO-1 impairs locomotion and renders worms resistant to the anthelmintic drug levamisole. In molo-1 mutants, L-AChR-dependent synaptic transmission is reduced by half, while the number and localization of receptors at synapses remain unchanged. In a heterologous expression system, MOLO-1 physically interacts with L-AChRs and directly enhances channel gating without affecting unitary conductance. The identification of MOLO-1 expands the mechanisms for generating functional and pharmacological diversity in the Cys-loop superfamily.


Nat Neurosci. 2012 Oct;15(10):1374-81. doi: 10.1038/nn.3197.